National identity goes beyond language and borders, rooted in historical memory and shared cultural experiences. A linear, Hegelian view of history is insufficient for understanding Iran’s past, which is marked by ruptures, crises, and nonlinear developments (Hegel, 1975; Foucault, 1972). Modern historiography, influenced by Foucault, has redefined Iranian historical discourse to account for these discontinuities (Foucault, 1972; Koselleck, 2004).
Historical memory serves as a shared social structure that shapes both individual and collective identity. The selective application of humanities paradigms, without considering Iranian culture and myths, can weaken this memory and contribute to identity crises (Assmann, 2011; Nora, 1989).
Ultimately, understanding Iranian national identity requires an approach that respects historical dynamics, cultural heritage, and mythological narratives, emphasizing that memory and culture are inseparable from the formation of collective identity.
This approach, rooted in Iran’s cultural and social context, frames the Iranian worldview as a coherent historical process expressed through symbols and ethnic myths. Strong social bonds reflected in lifestyle patterns sustain national unity amid ethnic and cultural diversity, while promoting enduring justice. Iranian myths are not just ancient stories—they carry meaning, models of justice, and reflect land, geography, and collective values (Eliade, 1963; Soroush, 2002).
Culture shapes both individual and social life, and myths connect history and society. Land, geography, religion, aspirations, and collective emotions all contribute to identity. Through symbols and myths, Iranian culture ensures the continuity of national identity. Analyses of lifestyle, justice, and unity amid diversity highlight the role of myths and historical memory in managing identity challenges (Hall, 1996; Keddie, 2006). Persian studies, including Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, emphasize the importance of myths in strengthening national identity and preserving culture.
Historical narratives—traditional and modern—shape Iranian identity. Understanding this requires acknowledging historical ruptures and dynamics, as identity cannot exist without shared language, culture, and memory. Unlike Hegel’s linear view, Iran’s history is best understood through discourses and discontinuities. Selective use of humanities paradigms without attention to myths and justice weakens historical memory and contributes to identity crises. Myths serve as symbolic languages of justice and unity, while land, religion, and collective sentiment reinforce national identity.
Sociology, cultural studies, philosophy of history, and political science together help explain how Iran sustains unity amid diversity, envisioning a lasting, symbolically grounded Iranshahr built on myths and cultural memory.
