In the Azeri areas of Iran, in the provinces of West Azarbaijan, East Azarbaijan, Ardabil, and some other places, a celebration is held, which is called “Takam-Gardani.” Takam Gardani is a celebration to welcome Nowrooz.
The puppet that its used to perform this ceremony is called Takam. Takam is a Turkish word that means “my goat.” This puppet is in the shape of a goat and is supported by a 30cm stick, just enough for the player to turn the stick and play for others to enjoy watching it move! The cover of the Takam puppet is made of colorful fabrics taken from carpets and rugs. Takam is decorated with beads and tiny mirrors. A feather of a hen or rooster is stuck on the head of this puppet to make it look more attractive.
By moving the stick, the takam dances and plays, and the takam player gives it a spin with his hand. This takam, who is clad fin colorful (mostly red) clothes, entertains the people with music and songs that the takam gardans (takam player) sings. Each part of this puppet is symbolic: the red color of the garment is a sign of happiness and reminds of wedding celebrations, the mirror is a symbol and a sign of light, and the bell that is attached to it is a tool to inform and call others to be part of the celebration of takam and thus welcome Nowrooz and celebrate the New Year.
Those who have done research on the origins of takam gardans, have found this festival to be initially held by cattlemen, which later on became popular among other people as well. They have even found ancient roots for this tradition, and that it has come to us from the olden street singers.
Takam Gardani is performed in the middle of March (close to Chaharshanbeh Suri) among the villagers of Azerbaijan. Takam gardan has a tray of sweets in his hand, with a candle and a mirror in it. In his tours of the streets, the player sings native Azari songs with his pleasant voice. The lyrics of these songs promise the arrival of Nowrooz. That’s why Takam Gardans are also called Nowrooz couriers. Their songs not only promise the arrival of Nowrooz but also wish the people happiness and joy. The Takam Gardans themselves, like their accompanying doll, wear colorful and happy clothes and receive offerings from the people in exchange for the joyful work they do. These offerings are mainly food and sweets, and eggs. Sometimes, as a sign of gratitude for his cheerfulness, a dress is given to Takam Gardan. If money is provided to them, they will spend it all on buying Nowruz clothes or food for the Haftsin table. They believe that this act will be a blessing for their table.
Not only in the Azari provinces but also in Gilan, takam gardans are busy bringing joy for the people by holding this long-lasting celebration. The more they try to make this celebration joyful, the more will it add to the splendor and beauty of Nowrooz. With its simple and uncomplicated structure, this show expresses the friendly and affectionate behavior of people who want to start the New Year with a Nowruz celebration to have a prosperous and happy time ahead. Takam gardani is a famous celebration and tradition to welcome Nowrooz and the New Year.
