Akhaveyni Bukharayi, as his name suggests, lived in Bukhara, the capital of the Samanids, so he wrote his books in Bukhara Persian. His name was Rabi, and his father was Ahmad Abu Hakim. Akhaveyni is one of the famous but unknown Iranian doctors who lived in the fourth lunar century. He was born in the beginning of that century; he was educated in the school of Zakaria Razi in his youth and died around 360 AD. He used strategies and methods in medicine that are still amazing after nearly a thousand years. Since he treated melancholic patients, his contemporaries called him physician of the crazy. The story of his exciting works and methods is long; in this article, readers will be familiarized with some of his works.
Complicated surgeries, extraordinary procedures
Akhaveyni Bukharayi has done complicated surgeries or used innovative methods in training and treatment. In this way, we can see from the reduction of the neck vertebrae with Colletin to the invention of feeding food and medicine through the hollowed horn of the cow (now called gavage in English). In his book, from breast cancer surgery and nasal masses, joints, and bones to removing urinary stones with surgery (urinary catheter), drawing the purulent eye, pterygium surgery, hernia surgery, hemorrhoids treatment, pregnancy prevention education By making devices such as IUD for women and condoms for men, he has taught male and female genital surgery, knee surgery, etc.
30 years of experienced brought on paper in the Persian Dari language
At his son’s request, the Akhaveyni doctor immortalized his thirty years of therapeutic experience in the book of Hedayat al-Mu’talamin fi al-Tabb, which can be translated as a guide for medical students. This famous and valuable work of Akhaveyni, although its name is not Persian, is one of the oldest medical books in the Dari language. Whenever he failed in his treatment, he would record it in that book. He also used the case report method to scrutinize certain examples, sometimes by mentioning the names of patients and doctors. This book had a special value among professors and students of medical science until the 6th century of the lunar calendar, along with works such as “Fixed saving” by Bin Ghara, Mansuri by Mohammad Ebn Zakaria Razi, and ‘motive” by Seyd Ismail Jorjani, were taught to medical students. The book “Guidance to Medicine” was copied by others, many times. The second time, at the end of Rabi -ul-Awl in the 478 lunar years, then in 520, and again in 1297 lunar year, Dr akhaveyni has mentioned his other three works, namely “Qarabadin,” “Tashrikh,” and “Pulse.”
In 1329, Professor Mojtaba Minavi mentioned the book “Hedayat al-Mu’talamin fi al-Tabb” in Yaghma magazine. Then, with the hard work and perseverance of Dr. Jalal Matini, it was edited and published in Mashhad University Press in 1344.
Secretarial and work characteristics of Akhaveyni
He is one of the first Persian writers of ancient Iranian medicine and an Iranian surgeon who has seven prominent features:
1) He lived before Ferdowsi and his medical book written in the Persian language (Hedayat al Teb) was written earlier than the Shahnameh. Dr Akhaveyni died around the year 360 solar calendar and Ferdowsi died almost 50 years after him.
2) He lived a few decades before Poorsina. After he died in Bukhara, Poursina was born and was trained by his students.
3) He used the knife for surgery earlier than Poursina.
4) Unlike others, he wrote his book in Persian, not Arabic. In contrast, his teacher, Zakaria Razi, wrote Al-Hawi’s book in Arabic. Many famous professors and doctors of that time and before or after him, such as Honin bin Ishaq al-Kendi, Sabet bin Qura, Isa bin Sahar Bakht, son of Sarabion, Yahya son of Masaviya and Ahran, wrote their books in Arabic. although only one other book written in Persian has been found which was written which was written either at the same time as him or before him; was actually about drugs in surgery. It was called Al-Abniyyah on the Facts of Medicine by Abu Mansour Movafagh Heravi.
Sixth) He has written the suggested treatments of other doctors by naming them and their books (reference writing) and narrated his opinion in favor or against.
Seventh) He has written the failed or dangerous treatment methods concerning the patient’s risk of death. He has also benefited from the case report.
It is a shame for us not to recognize great people like the Bukharai Akhaveyni and a disgrace for the medical profession that underestimates the history and background of Iran’s medicine and does not investigate and analyze it!
